In the previous post, we defined a single method for an endpoint. In a typical web application, each endpoint will have multiple methods. To build an example of a complete endpoint, we need to have a persistence layer that can support these endpoints. To enable MySQL support for spring framework, we need to update pom.xml file with following dependencies.
Now we need to define data sources for MySQL. The first step is to create a database and user in the MySQL database. To do that log in to MySQL using the following command.
$ mysql -u root
Now run following set of commands to create a database named
tutorial with username
tutorial and password
tutorial123.
Now we can initialize a data source in spring framework by putting properties in the
application.properties file.
As we can see in the properties, the value
ddl-auto is set to update. This will cause the database schema to be updated based on the definition of entity objects. This is a good practice while developing the system but normally should not be used while in production.
Let's say we want to define a simple endpoint that supports an entity called
User. We define the entity in Java as below.
As we can see, the key to an entity class is the annotation
@Entity. You can also add an optional annotation
@Table which will allow you control over the name of the table that gets created within the database. By default, if you omit the
@Table annotation, the table name would be automatically generated.
The next step is to generate a Repository interface for accessing the entity from the database. We typically create a subclass of CrudRepository.
An empty repository interface provides sufficient functionality for this example. We will see how to add more functionality to repository class in a different post. The
Javadoc of CrudRepository provides details of all the methods that are readily available without any addition to the interface.
Let's run the server to see whether the server can connect to the database. As we run the server, we check what happened to our database.
$ mysql -u tutorial -ptutorial123 tutorial
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 8.0.12 Homebrew
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show tables;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_tutorial |
+--------------------+
| hibernate_sequence |
| user |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> desc user;
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | bigint(20) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| email | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
| fullname | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
| password | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
| username | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
The database has the user table created mapping our entity class to a table. Now we have confirmed that the server is able to connect to our database server. Now we go back to the old endpoint class that we created in the previous post and create a similar endpoint class called UserEndpoint. In this class, we will define all the methods required for managing users.
$ curl -X POST \
> http://localhost:8080/user \
> -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
> -H 'Postman-Token: d0298724-86d2-49da-a0c0-067ed9e18e1e' \
> -H 'cache-control: no-cache' \
> -d '{
> "fullname":"John Doe",
> "username":"jdoe",
> "password":"JohnDoe123",
> "email":"johndoe@example.com"
> }'
{"id":1,"fullname":"John Doe","username":"jdoe","password":"JohnDoe123","email":"johndoe@example.com"}
We can also verify the record in the database.
$ mysql -u tutorial -ptutorial123 tutorial -e "select * from user"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+----+---------------------+----------+------------+----------+
| id | email | fullname | password | username |
+----+---------------------+----------+------------+----------+
| 1 | johndoe@example.com | John Doe | JohnDoe123 | jdoe |
+----+---------------------+----------+------------+----------+
Now we can perform other operations on User record.
$ curl -X GET http://localhost:8080/user/1
{"id":1,"fullname":"John Doe","username":"jdoe","password":"JohnDoe123","email":"johndoe@example.com"}
curl -X DELETE http://localhost:8080/user/1
{"id":1,"fullname":"John Doe","username":"jdoe","password":"JohnDoe123","email":"johndoe@example.com"}
Now we can run the database query again and see that the record has vanished.
mysql> select * from user;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
Now we create the user again by running the POST command. Since we are using database autoincrement, the id of the user will be 2 now.
Now we change the email of the user using PATCH command.
curl -X PATCH http://localhost:8080/user/2 -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -H 'Postman-Token: d0298724-86d2-49da-a0c0-067ed9e18e1e' -H 'cache-control: no-cache' -d '{
"email":"jdoe@example.com"
}'
{"id":2,"fullname":"John Doe","username":"jdoe","password":"JohnDoe123","email":"jdoe@example.com"}
Here we have it. All the endpoints are functioning properly backed by MySQL as the database.
